STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION OF ANIMALS TOPICS WISE NOTES AND PYQ
⬇️ FIRST' TOPICE ⬇️
🌟 ANIMAL TISSUE
(1) EPITHELIAL TISSUE
🌟 Protection covering lining
1 Always rest upon others
2 Avascular
3 Absence blood vessels
4 Higesst registration power
5 completely packed Little intercellular matrix between them
⬇️ TYPES ⬇️
1simple epithelium tissue.
2 compound epithelium tissue
Simple epithelium Tissue = single layer of cell
Function= Diffusion. Filtration.secreation
Simple cuboidal tissue
(1)Cells are flat
(2) Nucleus is round and located in center
(3) Cells apper like tiles on the floor hence also called parmenent epithelium
(4) Cells with irregular boundaries which is why called tested epthilium
Free surface have no modification
EX=Alveoli.blood vessel.Blood capillary Bowman capsule etc
⬇️ SIMPLE CUBOIDAL, ⬇️
(1) Nucleolus is round and located at centre
(2) Free surface may or may not have modification
🌟 SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM🌟
Secection absorption brush border CUBOIDAL microvilli CUBOIDAL
EX, DCT thyroid focillal testis ovary small duct gald
🌟 COLUMNOR EPITHELIUM🌟
Cells are tall slender elongated oval nuclei base
Secection and absorption
Eg= Gi tract (gastrointestinal tract)
TYPES
( 1) Simple columnar epithelium stomach
(2)Brush bordered columnar epithelium eg Intestine villi micro villi Goblet cells mucus producing 🥳
CILIATED EPITHELIUM
Cillia beast unidirectional for the movement of substance
Cillated CUBOIDAL
Eg small branch
Cillated columnar
Eg follipaian tube large bro holes
Ventricle of branch
GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM
Modification simple epithelium specially for secretion
ON the basis of cells
( 1) Unicellular
(2) Multicellular
ON THE BASIS OF MODIFIEDION
(1) Endocrine ductless
(2) Exocrine gland with duct eg mammary gland sebaceous gland coil salivary gland Saliva sweat glands
Hetrocrine gland
Duct and Ductless
Pancreas
Overy tissue
🌟PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTION RELATED TO EPTHILIUM TISSUE 🌟
YEAR (2016)
🌟NEET 2016 Question on Epithelium:
Question:
Which of the following epithelial tissues is found in the lining of kidney tubules and ducts of salivary glands?
A. Columnar epithelium
B. Ciliated epithelium
C. Cuboidal epithelium
D. Squamous epithelium
Answer:
C. Cuboidal epithelium
Explanation:
Cuboidal epithelium consists of cube-like cells and is commonly found in kidney tubules and ducts of glands. It plays roles in secretion and abso
यहाँ NEET 2017 से 2024 तक के epithelial tissue से संबंधित कुछ महत्वपूर्ण प्रश्न दिए गए हैं:
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🧪 NEET 2019
Question:
Ciliated epithelial cells are required to move particles or mucus in a specific direction. In humans, these cells are mainly present in:
A. Bronchioles and fallopian tubes
B. Bile duct and bronchioles
C. Fallopian tubes and pancreatic duct
D. Eustachian tube and salivary duct
उत्तर: A. Bronchioles and fallopian tubes
व्याख्या: Ciliated epithelial cells are found in the bronchioles and fallopian tubes, where they help in moving particles or mucus in a specific direction.
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🧪 NEET 2020
Question:
Goblet cells of alimentary canal are modified from:
विकल्प:
A. Squamous epithelial cells
B. Columnar epithelial cells
C. Chondrocytes
D. Compound epithelial cells
उत्तर: B. Columnar epithelial cells
व्याख्या: Goblet cells are modified columnar epithelial cells that secrete mucus in the alimentary canal.
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🧪 NEET 2021
प्रश्न:
Identify the types of cell junctions that help to stop the leakage of the substances across a tissue and facilitate communication with neighbouring cells via rapid transfer of ions and molecules.
विकल्प:
A. Gap junctions and adhering junctions, respectively
B. Tight junctions and gap junctions, respectively
C. Adhering junction and tight junctions, respectively
D. Adhering junctions and gap junctions, respectively
उत्तर: B. Tight junctions and gap junctions, respectively
व्याख्या: Tight junctions prevent leakage of substances across epithelial tissues, while gap junctions facilitate communication between adjacent cells through the transfer of ions and molecules.
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🧪 NEET 2022
प्रश्न:
Which of the following types of epithelium lines the walls of blood vessels?
:
A. Ciliated epithelium
B. Squamous epithelium
C. Cuboidal epithelium
D. Columnar epithelium
उत्तर: B. Squamous epithelium
व्याख्या: The walls of blood vessels are lined with simple squamous epithelium, which facilitates diffusion and filtration.
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🧪 NEET 2024
The epithelial tissue has the following features:
A. Bear cilia on their free surface.
B. Provides a lining for some parts of body.
C. Compound epithelium is multi-layered, meant for limited role in secretion and absorption.
D. Located in the tip of the nose.
E. Exocrine glands possess epithelial tissue.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below::
A. B, D and E only
B. A, B and C only
C. B, C and E only
D. C, D and E only
उत्तर: C. B, C and E only
Explanation: Statements B, C, and E correctly describe features of epithelial tissue.
🥳 FINALLY COMPLETED ONE Topice🥳
Trust me guys iss sai bhar abb question nahi aa sakta itna padh liya epthilium tissue par PHD kar liya 4 marks secure in upcoming neet cute exam 🥳
🌟Now move to other topics 🤔
🌟CONNETIVE TISSUE 🌟🤷
.Origin mesodermal
Most abundant suddenly distributed support linkage transparent of gas nutrients
🤷TYPES 🤷
1. Loose Connective Tissue
(i) Areolar Tissue
🤔Present beneath the skin.
Found between skin and muscles, around blood vessels, nerves, and in the bone marrow.
Function: support, protection, and flexibility.😲
Contains 3 main cells:
Fibroblasts – make fibers.
Mast cells – help in allergies.
Macrophages – destroy germs.
Stores fat.
Cells are called adipocytes.
Found under the skin, around kidneys, and behind the eyeballs.
Function:
Stores energy (fat),
Keeps the body warm (insulation),
Cushions and protects organ.
(2. )Dense Connective Tissue
(a) Dense Regular Tissue
Fibers are arranged in one direction.
Very strong, found in:
Tendons – connect muscle to bone (not stretchy).
Ligaments – connect bone to bone (a bit elastic).
(b) Dense Irregular Tissue
Fibers are arranged in many directions.
Found in skin (dermis) and around organs.
Gives strength in all directions.
3. Specialized Connective Tissue
(a) Cartilage
Soft and flexible.
No blood supply.
Cells: Chondrocytes, found in small spaces called lacunae.
Types:
Hyaline cartilage – nose, windpipe (trachea), ends of bones.
Elastic cartilage – ear (pinna), epiglottis.
Fibrous cartilage – between spinal bones (vertebrae).
(b) Bone
Hard and strong tissue.
Cells: Osteocytes, also in lacunae.
Contains calcium and collagen.
Function: gives shape, support, and protection.
(c) Blood
It’s the only fluid connective tissue.
Made of plasma and cells:
RBCs – carry oxygen,
WBCs – fight infections,
Platelets – help in clotting.
Function: transport and protection.
Important NEET Points to Remember
Tendon = muscle to bone (non-elastic)
Ligament = bone to bone (elastic)
Cartilage has no blood supply
Adipose tissue stores fat and gives insulation
Blood is the only fluid connective tissue
🌟Now guys topics complete ✅
🤷Then time to read pyq related to this topics �
2024
Q: Match the following:
List I |
List II |
(A) Unicellular glandular epithelium |
(I) Goblet cells of alimentary canal |
(B) Compound epithelium |
(II) Moist surface of buccal cavity |
(C) Multicellular glandular epithelium |
(III) Salivary glands |
(D) Endocrine glandular epithelium |
(IV) Pancreas |
Answer: A-(I), B-(II), C-(III), D-(IV)2023
Q: Match the following:
List I |
List II |
(A) Columnar epithelium |
(I) Inner lining of stomach and intestine |
(B) Ciliated epithelium |
(II) Inner lining of bronchioles |
(C) Squamous epithelium |
(III) Endothelium |
(D) Cuboidal epithelium |
(IV) Ducts of glands |
Answer:A-(I), B-(II), C-(III), D-(IV)
2022
Q1: Which of the following is present between the adjacent bones of the vertebral column?
(a) Intercalated discs
(b) Cartilage
(c) Areolar tissue
(d) Smooth muscle
Answer:(b) Cartilage
Q2: Match the following:
Q: Which of the following statements wrongly represents the nature of smooth muscle? |
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(a) These muscles are present in the wall of blood vessels.
(b) These muscles have no striations.
(c) They are involuntary muscles.
(d) Communication among the cells is performed by intercalated discs.
Answer:
Explanation:A-(I), B-(II), C-(III), D-(IV)
2020
Q: Cuboidal epithelium with brush border of microvilli is found in:
(a) Proximal convoluted tubule of nephron
(b) Eustachian tube
(c) Lining of intestine
(d) Ducts of salivary glands
Answer:Proximal convoluted tubule of nephron
2019
Q: The ciliated epithelial cells are required to move particles or mucus in a specific direction. In humans, these cells are mainly present in:
(a) Bronchioles and fallopian tubes
(b) Bile duct and bronchioles
(c) Fallopian tubes and pancreatic duct
(d) Eustachian tube and salivary duct
Answer:Bronchioles and fallopian tubes
2018
Q: Which of the following features is used to identify a male cockroach from a female cockroach?
(a) Presence of a boat-shaped sternum on the 9th abdominal segment.
(b) Presence of caudal styles
(c) Forewings with darker tegmina
(d) Presence of anal cerci
Answer: (b) Presence of caudal styles
Explanation: Male cockroaches possess caudal styles, which are absent in females.
2017
Q: Which of the following structures does not open into the genital chamber of female cockroaches?
(a) A single median oviduct
(b) Spermatheca
(c) A pair of anal cerci
(d) A pair of collateral glands
Answer:(c) A pair of anal cerci
2016
Q: Which type of tissue correctly matches with its location?
(a) Smooth muscle – Wall of intestine
(b) Areolar tissue – Tendons
(c) Transitional epithelium – Tip of nose
(d) Cuboidal epithelium = longings of stomach
Answer: (a) Smooth muscle – Wall of intestine
Explanation: Smooth muscles are found in the walls of hollow organs like the intestine.
⬇️ Picture of connective tissue ⬇️
🥳 SECOND TOPICS ALSO COMPLETED read carefully and secure 4 marks 💯
,⬇️ Muscular Tissue⬇️
Muscular tissue is a type of tissue that helps in movement of body parts. It is made up of long, thin cells called muscle fibres.
🌟 Functions of Muscular Tissue
Helps in movement of body parts.
Helps in pumping blood (in heart).
Helps in digestion by moving food in the digestive tract.
Maintains body posture.
🌟Types of Muscular Tissue🌟
There are three types of muscular tissue:
(1.) Skeletal Muscle (Also called Striated or Voluntary Muscle)
Found in arms, legs, face, etc.
Voluntary – we can control them.
Show striations under microscope.
Work quickly but get tired easily.
Multinucleated (have more than one nucleus).
Attached to bones by tendons.
(2) Smooth Muscle (Also called Unstriated or Involuntary Muscle)
Found in internal organs like stomach, intestine, blood vessels.
Involuntary – we cannot control them.
Do not have striations.
Work slowly but do not get tired easily.
Spindle-shaped and have one nucleus
3. Cardiac Muscle
Found only in the heart.
Involuntary – we cannot control them.
Show striations like skeletal muscles.
Work continuously without getting tired.
Feature |
Skeletal Muscle |
Smooth Muscle |
Cardiac Muscle |
Control |
Voluntary |
Involuntary |
Involuntary |
Striations |
Present |
Absent |
Present |
Location |
Attached to bones |
Internal organs |
Heart only |
Speed of action |
Fast |
Slow |
Moderate |
Fatigue |
Gets tired |
Does not get tired |
Does not get tired |
Nucleus |
Many nuclei |
One nucleus |
One nucleus |
Shape |
Long, cylindrical |
Spindle-shaped |
Branched |
🌟 Now complete tissue 😄 read carefully iss sai bhar nahi aaga 💯
PYQ time. NEET 2024
Q: Three types of muscles a, b, and c are given. Identify the correct match with their location in the human body:
- A) Smooth – Toes
- B) Skeletal – Legs
- C) Cardiac – Heart
Correct Match:
- Skeletal – Triceps
- Smooth – Stomach
- Cardiac – Heart
NEET 2022
Q: Which of the following statements about skeletal muscles is/are correct?
- A. Muscle bundles are held together by a collagenous connective tissue layer called fascicle.
- B. The sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle fiber acts as a storehouse for calcium ions.
- C. The striated appearance of skeletal muscles is due to the arrangement of actin and myosin proteins.
- D. The M-line is referred to as the functional unit of contraction called sarcomere.
Correct A B
Complete 💯
I Think its too long then cockarch and frog next part of this chapter only two topic not completed in this notes I wil provide soon then enjoy and in fun way 🥳😎
😎Fun Shayeri only for modd fresh 🥳
😁Oxygen kam hai, but confidence high,
Bio, Physics, Chem – sabko diya bhai!
NEET ka exam hai bas ek gate,
Us paar hi likha hai sabka fate!😅
,,🙂Enjoy and learn 🙂